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Resumo Fundamento Apesar das evidências crescentes de que pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca (IC) são suscetíveis à sarcopenia, o motivo da associação não é bem compreendido. Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo é explorar ainda mais o mecanismo molecular de ocorrência desta complicação. Métodos Conjuntos de dados de expressão gênica para HF (GSE57345) e Sarcopenia (GSE1428) foram obtidos do banco de dados Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Genes diferencialmente expressos (DEGs) foram identificados usando pacotes 'edgeR' e "limma" de R, e suas funções foram analisadas usando Gene Ontology (GO) e a Enciclopédia de Genes e Genomas de Kyoto (KEGG). Redes de interação proteína-proteína (PPI) foram construídas e visualizadas usando Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) e Cytoscape. Os genes hub foram selecionados usando o plugin cytoHubba e validados com GSE76701 para IC e GSE136344 para Sarcopenia. As vias relacionadas e os mecanismos moleculares dos genes hub foram realizados pela análise de enriquecimento de genes (GSEA). As análises estatísticas foram realizadas no software R. P < 0,05 foi considerado estatisticamente significativo. Resultados Foram encontrados 114 DEGs comuns. As vias relacionadas ao fator de crescimento, secreção de insulina e cGMP-PKG estavam enriquecidas tanto na IC quanto na sarcopenia. Descobriu-se que CYP27A1, KCNJ8, PIK3R5, TIMP2, CXCL12, KIT e VCAM1 são genes hub significativos após validação com GSEA enfatizando a importância dos genes hub na regulação da resposta inflamatória. Conclusão Nosso estudo revela que a IC e a Sarcopenia compartilham vias e mecanismos patogênicos comuns. Estes achados podem sugerir novas direções para pesquisas futuras sobre a patogênese subjacente.
Abstract Background Despite increasing evidence that patients with heart failure (HF) are susceptible to sarcopenia, the reason for the association is not well understood. Objective The purpose of this study is to explore further the molecular mechanism of the occurrence of this complication. Methods Gene expression datasets for HF (GSE57345) and Sarcopenia (GSE1428) were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using 'edgeR' and "limma" packages of R, and their functions were analyzed using Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed and visualized using Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) and Cytoscape. Hub genes were selected using the plugin cytoHubba and validation with GSE76701 for HF and GSE136344 for Sarcopenia. The related pathways and molecular mechanisms of the hub genes were performed by Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). The statistical analyses were performed using R software. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results A total of 114 common DEGs were found. Pathways related to growth factor, Insulin secretion and cGMP-PKG were enriched in both HF and Sarcopenia. CYP27A1, KCNJ8, PIK3R5, TIMP2, CXCL12, KIT, and VCAM1 were found to be significant hub genes after validation, with GSEA emphasizing the importance of the hub genes in the regulation of the inflammatory response. Conclusion Our study reveals that HF and Sarcopenia share common pathways and pathogenic mechanisms. These findings may suggest new directions for future research into the underlying pathogenesis.
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ABSTRACT Background: While sarcopenia is an important clinical finding in individuals diagnosed with chronic heart failure (CHF), efforts to identify a reliable biomarker capable of predicting the overall muscular and functional decline in CHF patients have been unsuccessful to date. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to study the diagnostic utility of MicroRNA (miRNA)-1-3p as a predictor of sarcopenia status in individuals diagnosed with CHF. Methods: In total, 80 individuals with heart failure exhibiting a left ventricular ejection fraction < 50% were enrolled in this study. All patients were analyzed to assess miR-1-3p expression levels, with body composition being evaluated through dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and sarcopenia being defined based on the sum of appendicular lean muscle mass (ALM) divided by height in meters squared and handgrip strength (HGS). In addition, the activation of the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway was evaluated in these individuals. Results: In total, 40 of the enrolled patients (50%) exhibited sarcopenia. Sarcopenic patients presented with increased miR-1-3p expression levels as compared to non-sarcopenic individuals (1.69 ± 0.132 vs. 1.22 ± 0.106; p < 0.05). With respect to sarcopenic indices, appendicular skeletal mass index was most strongly correlated with miR-1-3p expression, which was also strongly correlated with HGS. High levels of Akt/mTOR signaling pathway components were expressed in sarcopenic individuals, highlighting a significant relationship between miR-1-3p activity and signaling through this pathway. Moreover, miR-1-3p was identified as a specific marker for sarcopenia in individuals with CHF. Conclusion: These results suggest that circulating miR-1-3p levels are related to Akt/mTOR pathway activation and can offer valuable insight into the overall physical capacity and muscular integrity of CHF patients as a predictor of sarcopenia.
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ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the discrepancy of crown-root morphology of anterior teeth, using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), and to provide a guidance for proper torque expression. Methods: A total of eligible 200 CBCT were imported into Invivo v. 5.4 software, to obtain the middle labio-lingual sections of anterior teeth. AutoCAD 2007 software was applied to measure the crown-root angulation (Collum angle) and the angle formed by a tangent to the center of the labial surface and the long axis of the crown (labial surface angle). SPSS 18.0 was used for statistical comparisons of the two measurements, at the level of p< 0.05, and the Pearson correlation analysis was applied to investigate the association between the two measurements. Results: The value of Collum angle in maxillary central incisor was close to 0°. Significantly negative Collum angle in lateral incisors and maxillary canine, and positive value in mandibular canine were detected (p < 0.001). The labial surface angle in canine was significantly greater than the intra-arch incisors (p< 0.001), and no significant difference was detected between the central and lateral incisors (p > 0.05). Notably, there was also a significant positive correlation between the two measurements. Conclusions: The crown-root angulations were greatly different among anterior teeth. Accompanying the obvious crown-root angulations, the canines both in maxillary and mandibular arches presented considerable labial surface curvatures. Hence, equivalent deviation during bracket bonding might cause greater torque expression error and increase the risk of alveolar fenestration and dehiscence.
RESUMO Objetivo: Determinar a discrepância na morfologia coroa-raiz de dentes anteriores, utilizando tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (TCFC), e fornecer parâmetros para a expressão apropriada do torque. Método: No total, 200 tomografias elegíveis foram importadas para o software Invivo 5.4 para obtenção das secções médias vestibulolinguais dos dentes anteriores. Osoftware AutoCAD 2007 foi usado para medir a angulação coroa-raiz (ângulo Collum) e o ângulo formado por uma tangente ao centro da superfície vestibular da coroa e o longo eixo da coroa (ângulo da superfície vestibular). O software SPSS 18.0 foi utilizado para as comparações estatísticas das duas medições, com nível de significância de p< 0,05, e a análise de correlação de Pearson foi aplicada para investigar a associação entre as duas medições. Resultados: O valor do ângulo Collum do incisivo central superior foi próximo a 0°. Foram detectados valores significativamente negativos para o ângulo Collum nos incisivos laterais e caninos superiores, mas valores positivos nos caninos inferiores (p< 0,001). O ângulo da superfície vestibular no canino foi significativamente maior do que nos incisivos intra-arcada (p< 0,001), e nenhuma diferença significativa foi detectada entre incisivos centrais e laterais (p> 0,05). Também foi observada uma correlação positiva significativa entre as duas medições. Conclusões: As angulações coroa-raiz foram muito diferentes entre os dentes anteriores. Os caninos superiores e inferiores apresentaram considerável curvatura na superfície vestibular, associada a uma evidente angulação coroa-raiz. Consequentemente, desvios durante a colagem de braquetes podem desencadear maior erro na expressão de torque e aumentar o risco de fenestração alveolar e deiscência, sendo necessária uma avaliação antes da colagem.
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Objective@#To estimate the detection rate of low hemoglobin among primary and middle school students in Ningxia, and to explore association between physical growth indicators with level of hemoglobin in different economic zones from both the student and school levels, and to provide an effective basis for anemia prevention of primary and secondary school students.@*Methods@#The stratified random cluster sampling method was used to measure 5 447 primary and middle school students physical growth indicators and hemoglobin values. Prevalence of low hemoglobin was described and its association with physical growth indicators were analyzed through HLM models.@*Results@#The detection rate of low hemoglobin among primary and middle school students was 12.7%, of which 13.0% were boys and 12.4% were girls, without significant gender differences(χ2=0.43, P>0.05). Low hemoglobin in rural areas was higher than urban areas, as well as in the lowage group which was 18.5%, 12.6%, 8.3%, 11.5% in the 7, 9, 12, and 14-year-old groups, respectively, and the differences between the groups were statistically significant(χ2=43.49, 68.13, P<0.05). The wasting group had the highest detection rate of low hemoglobin, and low hemoglobin in obesity and overweight was lower than that of the normal group, with significant differences between groups(Z=2.08, P<0.05). Positive association between height and weight with hemoglobin was observed(γ 30 =0.13, γ 40=0.06), and the association of hip circumference with hemoglobin was negative(γ 50=-0.02). Body weight had a significant associated with the hemoglobin value in different economic film intervals(P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#The detection rate of low hemoglobin is relatively high among primary and middle school students in rural areas, low-age groups, and wasting groups in Ningxia. The differences between school groups are significant, and it is necessary to mine school-level variables.
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Objective@#To understand the vitamin D nutritional status and associated factors of children and adolescents aged 6-18 in Yinchuan, so as to provide theoretical basis for improving the vitamin D malnutrition status of children and adolescents.@*Methods@#Using stratified cluster sampling method, 1 615 children and adolescents from 36 classes in 2 primary schools, junior high schools and high schools were randomly selected from Yinchuan, Ningxia. Venous blood sampling,physical examinations and questionnaires were conducted.@*Results@#The vitamin D deficiency rate and appropriate rate for students were 66.9% and 33.1%, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in vitamin D deficiency among different age groups(χ2=25.65, P<0.05). The 6-year-old group had the highest(79.2%), followed by the 13-year-old group (76.6%), and the 12-year-old group (75.3%). The results of binary Logistic regression showed that the factors influencing the vitamin D nutritional status of children and adolescents included age(OR=0.95), daily outdoor exercise time(OR=0.49), exclusive breastfeeding (OR=0.63) and mother’s education(OR=0.73, 0.43). The decision tree QUEST and Logistic regression combination model results show that the key factors affecting vitamin D nutrition status include daily outdoor exercise time, age, mother’s education, BMI, and interaction between outdoor exercise time and age, interaction between outdoor exercise time and mother’s education, interaction between age and mother’s education, interaction between exclusive breastfeeding and BMI.@*Conclusion@#The detection rate of vitamin D deficiency in children and adolescents aged 6-18 in Yinchuan is high, factors associated with vitamin D nutritional status includes daily outdoor exercise time, age, mother’s education, BMI, and interaction between outdoor exercise time and age, interaction between outdoor exercise time and mother’s education, interaction between age and mother’s education, interaction between exclusive breastfeeding and BMI.
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Objective@#To analyze the trend of overweight and obesity among Han students aged 7-18 years in Ningxia from 2000 to 2014, and to provide scientific basis for child and adolescent obesity prevention and control in Ningxia.@*Methods@#Based on data of the height and weight of Han students aged 7-18 in the four waves of national student physical surveys in Ningxia from 2000 to 2014, SPSS 21.0 was used for trend analysis.@*Results@#From 2000 to 2014, the overweight and obesity rate of Han students in Ningxia from 7 to 18 years old showed an upward trend. Compared with the year of 2000, the total overweight rate increased by 2.06 times in 2014 and the obesity rate increased by 4.40 times. The overweight and obesity rate of boys was higher than that of girls in 2005 and 2014, and the difference was statistically significant(χ2=4.91, 6.20, P<0.05). The overweight and obesity rates of urban students were higher than those of rural students in 2005 and 2010(χ2=9.63, 5.97, P<0.05). The correlation analysis between the overweight and obesity rate of Ningxia students and socioeconomic indicators showed that the overweight and obesity of Ningxia students from 2000 to 2014 was closely related to the level of Ningxia socioeconomic development, especially the obesity detection rate of rural students was related to Ningxia’s GDP and The correlation between GDP, per capita disposable income, per capita consumption expenditure, and urbanization rate is stronger(r=0.98, 0.98, 0.99, 1.00, 0.93, P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Socioeconomic of Ningxia is rapidly increasing, and the overweight and obesity rate of Han students aged 7 to 18 is also increasing. It is suggested that society, schools and parents should pay great attention to this phenomenon, build community-wide efforts to prevent childhood obesity, and prevent chronic diseases caused by overweight and obesity occurrence risk.
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Objective@#To understand secular trend of blood pressure among Han ethnic students aged 7-18 years in Ningxia from 2000 to 2014，and to provide preliminary evidence for hypertension prevention and control.@*Methods@#Data of blood pressure, height, weight of Han students aged 7-18 years in Ningxia were collected in the National Students Physical Fitness and Health Survey during 2000-2014 years were analyzed by using SPSS 21.0.@*Results@#From 2000 to 2014, the systolic pressure of the Han students in Ningxia showed a decreasing-increasing trend(F=357.44, P<0.05), with an average decrease of 3.37 mm Hg; diastolic pressure showed a decreasing-increasing trend(F=172.95, P<0.05), with an average decrease of 4.18 mm Hg; pulse pressure showed a decreasing-increasing trend(F=311.86, P<0.05), with an average decrease of 1.98 mm Hg. The body mass index of the Han nationality students in Ningxia was on the rise(F=128.15, P<0.05). The detection rates of high blood pressure, high systolic blood pressure and high diastolic blood pressure increased by 1.0, 0.4 and 0.9 percentage.@*Conclusion@#Blood pressure in Ningxia Han students aged 7-18 years increases gradually in recent years, which warrants further attention. Health education and health promotion is needed to prevent the occurrence of hypertension.
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Abstract Background Osteoporosis (OP) is common in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The relationship between OP and COPD has been primarily studied in male patients, and few reports are available in postmenopausal women. Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between bone mineral density (BMD) and COPD in postmenopausal women. Methods This cross-sectional study included 133 clinically stable female ex-smokers with confirmed COPD, and 31 age-matched ex-smoker female controls. We analyzed groups according to their airway obstruction category. BMD was measured on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry images of the left femoral neck. Results Patients with COPD had lower T-scores and higher prevalence of osteopenia/OP than the control group. In the COPD group, the airway obstruction category was significantly associated with the T-score after adjustment for confounders. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed COPD was an independent marker for increased risk of osteopenia/OP in postmenopausal women. Conclusions COPD and airway obstruction category were strongly related to BMD. Postmenopausal women with COPD, especially those with severe airway obstruction, had a higher prevalence rate and a higher risk of osteopenia and OP than female controls without COPD.
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Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Bone Density/physiology , Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/epidemiology , Postmenopause , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/complications , Bone Diseases, Metabolic/epidemiology , Absorptiometry, Photon , Case-Control Studies , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Factors , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/physiopathology , Airway Obstruction/etiology , Airway Obstruction/physiopathologyABSTRACT
@# Objective: To investigate the effect of high expression of TET1 catalytic domain (TET1-CD) gene on the proliferation and migration of breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells and its underlying mechanism. Methods: MDA-MB-231 cell line with high TET1-CD expression was established by lentiviral transfection. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of TET1-CD. Transwell assay and cell scratch assay were used to detect cell migration ability, MTT assay and colony formation assay were used to detect cell proliferation capacity. And WB was adopted to detect the expressions of EMT-related proteins (E-cadherin, Vimentin, MMP2) and Wnt, Hedgehog pathway-related proteins in MDA-MB-231 cells. Results: The MDA-MB-231 cell line with high TET1-CD expression was successfully constructed (all P<0.01). TET1-CD over-expression significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration of breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells (P<0.01); in addition, TET1-CD over-expression increased the expression of E-cadherin, but down-regulated the expressions of Vimentin, MMP2, β-catenin, Gli1, C-myc and CyclinD1 (all P<0.05). Conclusion: TET1-CD may inhibit the proliferation and migration of breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells by inhibiting the EMT through Wnt and HH signaling pathway.
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Objective@#This paper analyzes the changing trends of lower limb strength and flexibility in colleges in Ningxia for 14 years, and provides a reference for government and school to jointly guide college students to improve their lower limb strength and flexibility.@*Methods@#Data of physical health of 19 to 22 years old college students in Ningxia were collected from 2000-2014. Mean value, standard deviation and index compliance were used to describe the development trend of lower limb strength and flexibility indexes.@*Results@#From 2000 to 2014, the variation trend of lower limb strength of boys and girls in ningxia university was basically the same, and they all decreased first, then increased and then decreased(P<0.05). The variation trend of flexibility of boys and girls was basically the same, rising first and then falling (P<0.05). The mean values of standing long jump and sitting forward bend of boys and girls were higher in rural area than in urban area (P<0.05). There was no age group difference in the mean of standing long jump of girls in 2014, and no age group difference in the mean of standing long jump of boys and girls in other years (P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#The lower limb strength and flexibility of boys and girls in Ningxia from 2000 to 2014 showed a declining trend, and effective intervention measures should be taken in time.
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Aconitum flavum Hand.-Mazz., Ranunculaceae, has been used for the treatment of rheumatism, traumatic injury in folk and clinical medicine, but the alkaloids has high toxicity. This study was designed to investigate the acute toxicity, anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of non-alkaloids fractions from A. flavum in rodents. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by inflammatory models of dimethylbenzene-induced ear vasodilatation and acetic acid-induced capillary permeability enhancement test in mice and carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats whereas the antinociceptive activity was evaluated using acetic acid-induced writhes, hot plate test and formalin test in mice. The result showed that the LD50 value of BtOH and EtOAc fractions could not be determined as no lethality was observed up to 40 g/kg (p.o.) in mice. BtOH fraction significantly decreased the dimethylbenzene-induced ear vasodilatation, carrageenan-induced paw edema and acetic acid-induced capillary permeability. EtOAc fraction only significantly attenuated paw edema and capillary permeability at the dose of 500 mg/kg. In antinociceptive test, BtOH and EtOAc fractions significantly reduced the writhing number evoked by acetic acid injection and the licking time in both phases of the formalin test. Meanwhile BtOH and EtOAc fractions had significant effect on hot plate test after 90 min. Our data indicate that the BtOH and EtOAc fractions of NAF are no toxicity. BtOH and EtOAc fractions not only inhibit inflammatory and peripheral inflammatory pain but also have central antinociceptive effect.
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We investigated the effect of propofol (Prop) administration (10 mg kg-1 h-1, intravenously) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury and its effect on cluster of differentiation (CD) 14 and Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 expression in lung tissue of anesthetized, ventilated rats. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups of 8 rats each: control, LPS, and LPS+Prop. Lung injury was assayed via blood gas analysis and lung histology, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) levels were determined in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid using ELISA. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect CD14 and TLR4 mRNA levels, and CD14 and TLR4 protein expression was determined by Western blot. The pathological scores were 1.2 ± 0.9, 3.3 ± 1.1, and 1.9 ± 1.0 for the control, LPS, and LPS+Prop groups, respectively, with statistically significant differences between control and LPS groups (P < 0.05) and between LPS and LPS+Prop groups (P < 0.05). The administration of LPS resulted in a significant increase in TNF-α and IL-1β levels, 7- and 3.5-fold, respectively (P < 0.05), while treatment with propofol partially blunted the secretion of both cytokines (P < 0.05). CD14 and TLR4 mRNA levels were increased in the LPS group (1.48 ± 0.05 and 1.26 ± 0.03, respectively) compared to the control group (1.00 ± 0.20 and 1.00 ± 0.02, respectively; P < 0.05), while propofol treatment blunted this effect (1.16 ± 0.05 and 1.12 ± 0.05, respectively; P < 0.05). Both CD14 and TLR4 protein levels were elevated in the LPS group compared to the control group (P < 0.05), while propofol treatment partially decreased the expression of CD14 and TLR4 protein versus LPS alone (P < 0.05). Our study indicates that propofol prevents lung injury, most likely by inhibition of CD14 and TLR4 expression.
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Animals , Male , Acute Lung Injury/drug therapy , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use , /metabolism , Inflammation Mediators/metabolism , Propofol/therapeutic use , /metabolism , Acute Lung Injury/chemically induced , Acute Lung Injury/pathology , Lipopolysaccharides , Rats, Wistar , Real-Time Polymerase Chain ReactionABSTRACT
adjunct to cytology screening, especially high-risk patients.